煙草在線據(jù)《煙業(yè)通訊》報(bào)道編譯　　據(jù)《MTI經(jīng)濟(jì)新聞》引用匈牙利反對(duì)黨社會(huì)黨議員Csaba Toth的話報(bào)道說(shuō)，在只允許獲得經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的國(guó)有煙店出售卷煙的新法5月生效后，匈牙利一些村莊的吸煙者在當(dāng)?shù)貙]有購(gòu)買卷煙的途徑了。

　　正如4月3日?qǐng)?bào)道的那樣，匈牙利國(guó)會(huì)在2012年9月批準(zhǔn)了從2013年7月1日開始，對(duì)煙草產(chǎn)品的零售建立國(guó)家壟斷的法律。

　　負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督建立煙草產(chǎn)品零售國(guó)家壟斷的匈牙利國(guó)家煙草貿(mào)易非營(yíng)利組織說(shuō)，到初始投標(biāo)中規(guī)定的最后期限2月22日時(shí)，已經(jīng)提交的煙草零售申請(qǐng)為15633份。

　　不過(guò)，在1417個(gè)村莊里，沒有申請(qǐng)?zhí)峤?。因此進(jìn)行了新的招標(biāo)。

　　Csaba Toth說(shuō)，由于新一輪招標(biāo)的中標(biāo)者將在4月23日宣布，因此，這些商店還有足夠的時(shí)間一直開門經(jīng)營(yíng)到5月1日的最后期限為止，之后，就只有獲得經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的煙草商店才可以出售卷煙了。

　　他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，這將會(huì)鼓勵(lì)黑市的貿(mào)易，導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)稅收入減少。

評(píng)論：

　　一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在任何行業(yè)內(nèi)，自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的開放市場(chǎng)都比高度壟斷的市場(chǎng)要更有活力，也更利于市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。為了打破壟斷，政府也會(huì)退出市場(chǎng)，不對(duì)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行過(guò)多干預(yù)。然而，煙草行業(yè)卻是一個(gè)特例，由于煙草產(chǎn)品被公認(rèn)為對(duì)人體有害，但是同時(shí)煙草產(chǎn)品也是合法產(chǎn)品，因此，煙草業(yè)面臨著合法但不符合企業(yè)倫理的一個(gè)道德困境，而政府也會(huì)出于公眾利益考慮，限制煙草業(yè)的自由宣傳和銷售，于是就可能出現(xiàn)政府對(duì)銷售終端的壟斷。我們不能簡(jiǎn)單地去評(píng)論開放或壟斷哪種市場(chǎng)更好，而是應(yīng)該綜合考慮，只要能達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的，就是最好的選擇。

Hungary Moves from Open Market to Monopoly to Zeropoly

　　Smokers in some Hungarian villages will not have local access to cigarettes after a new law allowing only state-licensed tobacconists to sell cigarettes comes into effect in May, according to an MTI-EcoNews story quoting the opposition Socialist lawmaker, Csaba Toth.

　　As was reported here on April 3, the country's parliament adopted legislation in September last year for the establishment of a state monopoly of the retail sale of tobacco products on July 1, 2013.

　　The National Tobacco Trade Non-profit, which is overseeing the establishment of the monopoly, said that 15,633 applications for the retail sale of tobacco had been submitted by the February 22 deadline stipulated in the initial tender.

　　No applications were submitted in the case of 1,417 villages, however; so new tenders have been invited.

　　But since the winners of the new round of tenders would be announced only on April 23, said Toth, there would not be enough time for the shops to open on May 1, the deadline after which only licensed tobacconists may sell cigarettes.

　　This would encourage black market trading and result in a drop in excise tax revenues, he added. Enditem