煙草在線據(jù)愛爾蘭審查員報道編譯　　愛爾蘭女性被煙草公司所包圍，它們用“優(yōu)雅”和“女性的”包裝針對未來的年輕和老年吸煙者。

　　據(jù)愛爾蘭癌癥協(xié)會稱，一半的貧困年輕女性是吸煙者，對她們的習慣感到羞恥，但是不能戒掉尼古丁。

　　三分之一的愛爾蘭婦女吸煙，該協(xié)會稱之為“一種傳染病”。

　　據(jù)健康促進專家稱，煙草公司正試圖通過使用糖果色包裝、白色包裝、“女士專用”品牌、低焦油、新的超細產(chǎn)品吸引女性。

　　在諸如愛爾蘭等禁止吸煙廣告的國家內(nèi)，需要通過它們的包裝出售卷煙的情況更嚴重。在德國，有針對年輕女性的芒果和莫吉托（譯者注：一種雞尾酒）香味的卷煙。

　　在愛爾蘭的研究表明，弱勢女性的肺癌發(fā)病率為較富裕女性的兩倍——大量的肺癌源于吸煙。

　　去年，據(jù)披露，在愛爾蘭女性中，肺癌已經(jīng)取代乳腺癌成為主要致死的癌癥因素。

　　不過，相對貧窮的婦女的吸煙率，被視為使她們在健康和社會方面處于劣勢的另一個因素。

　　衛(wèi)生部部長助理亞歷克斯·懷特公布的該報告，強調(diào)了在由愛爾蘭癌癥協(xié)會和愛爾蘭國家婦女理事會組織的“婦女和吸煙大會”上的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　　利物浦大學的裘德·羅賓遜博士在研討會上表示，研究表明“吸煙被視為采取的暫時休息方式，而且是對岌岌可危的壓力控制的一個重要的減壓產(chǎn)品”。

　　“女性更可能從事兼職或不穩(wěn)定的工作，更容易感到壓力，并且在工作方面權力更少，承擔大量與地位較低和低自尊相關的無薪工作，疲憊而且抑郁，”她說。

　　據(jù)愛爾蘭癌癥協(xié)會的凱瑟琳·奧米拉稱，許多家境不富裕的女性都意識到了這些健康風險，但是把吸煙看做是“一種應對生活緊張和壓力的一種方法”。

　　國家婦女委員會呼吁為戒煙計劃制訂國家標準，為煙草產(chǎn)品推出平裝，并發(fā)展社區(qū)戒煙服務，特別是針對女性的戒煙服務。

Ireland: Tobacco Firms 'Targeting' Women with Elegant, Feminine Packaging

　　Irish women are under siege from tobacco companies who are targeting 'elegant' and 'feminine' packaging at prospective young and old smokers.

　　Half of poor, young women are smokers, and are ashamed of their habit but are not able to quit nicotine, according to the Irish Cancer Society.

　　One in three Irish women smoke, which the society described as "an epidemic".

　　According to health promotion experts, tobacco companies are trying to reel in women by creating candy-coloured packaging, white packaging, 'women-only' brands, low-tar, and new, super-slim products.

　　This need to sell cigarettes via their packaging is more acute in countries where smoking advertising is banned, such as in Ireland. In Germany, there are mango and mojito-flavoured cigarettes aimed at young women.

　　Research in Ireland shows lung cancer rates among disadvantaged women are twice as high as that among better-off women - and the vast bulk of lung cancer stems from smoking.

　　Last year, it was revealed that lung cancer has overtaken breast cancer as the main cause of cancer death among women in Ireland.

　　However, the rates of smoking among poorer women is seen as another factor which puts them at a health and social disadvantage.

　　The report, launched by Alex White, the junior health minister, highlights findings from a conference on women and smoking, which was organised by the Irish Cancer Society and the National Women's Council of Ireland.

　　Dr Jude Robinson from the University of Liverpool told the seminar that research showed "smoking is seen as a means of coping and taking a time-out, and an important de-stresser where control could hang by a thread".

　　"Women are more likely to have part-time or insecure jobs and more likely to suffer from stress, and have less power at work and take on large amounts of unpaid work associated with low-status and low self-esteem, exhaustion, and depression," she said.

　　According to Kathleen O'Meara of the Irish Cancer Society, many less-well-off women are aware of the health risks but see smoking as "a way to cope with the stress and pressures of life".

　　The National Woman's Council is calling for national standards for smoking cessation programmes, the introduction of plain packaging for tobacco products, and the development of community-based quitting services for women, in particular. Enditem