煙草在線據(jù)哥倫比亞廣播公司報(bào)道編譯　　紐約市長(zhǎng)邁克爾·彭博正在發(fā)起一輪新的保護(hù)健康的攻勢(shì)。彭博希望使紐約成為美國(guó)第一個(gè)禁止在商店內(nèi)展示卷煙的城市。加拿大、澳大利亞和歐洲的部分國(guó)家已經(jīng)實(shí)施了類似的禁令。但紐約將成為美國(guó)第一個(gè)執(zhí)行這樣禁令的城市。

　　彭博政府說(shuō)，經(jīng)常接觸被展示煙草產(chǎn)品的兒童開(kāi)始吸煙的可能性要大2.5倍。彭博說(shuō)：“煙草產(chǎn)品被展示出來(lái)表明，吸煙是一種正常的活動(dòng)，展示煙草產(chǎn)品會(huì)招致青年人去體驗(yàn)煙草?！?/p>

　　卷煙應(yīng)該被藏到看不見(jiàn)的地方，不過(guò)，店內(nèi)的卷煙廣告則不必藏起來(lái)。紐約市還有權(quán)關(guān)閉反復(fù)被抓住出售走私卷煙的商店。

　　彭博說(shuō)：“這是件重要的事情。不要犯錯(cuò)誤?！?/p>

　　彭博的提議立刻遭到了紐約便民店協(xié)會(huì)的批評(píng)。該組織說(shuō)：“強(qiáng)制有經(jīng)營(yíng)許可證的、納稅守法的零售商將煙草存貨藏起來(lái)的這種想法顯然十分可笑。在飲品中心看到啤酒并沒(méi)有讓孩子開(kāi)始喝酒，在酒鋪看到彩票并沒(méi)有讓孩子們開(kāi)始賭博，看到藥店里的避孕套并沒(méi)有讓孩子們發(fā)生婚前性行為，可卷煙貨架卻顯然擁有心靈感應(yīng)的力量?！?/p>

　　紐約電臺(tái)WNYC負(fù)責(zé)衛(wèi)生保健與醫(yī)藥報(bào)道的記者弗瑞德·謀格爾說(shuō)：“顯然，彭博市長(zhǎng)激起了眾怒。很多人都很關(guān)切——這是政府要扮演的角色嗎？”

　　謀格爾說(shuō)，彭博市長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)將紐約市變成了一個(gè)新奇公共健康計(jì)劃的孵化器。一些公共健康計(jì)劃已經(jīng)執(zhí)行，比如規(guī)定菜單上要打上卡路里計(jì)數(shù)，禁止在很多公共場(chǎng)所吸煙，等等。另一些計(jì)劃，如最近被駁回的關(guān)于禁止含糖飲料的計(jì)劃，則沒(méi)有被實(shí)施。

　　謀格爾說(shuō)：“我跟公共健康領(lǐng)域里人們進(jìn)行了交談，他們擔(dān)心，他們的這個(gè)黃金時(shí)代可能就要終結(jié)，說(shuō)得婉轉(zhuǎn)一些，就是擔(dān)心往后不管出現(xiàn)什么措施，彭博市長(zhǎng)都會(huì)非常堅(jiān)定地復(fù)制?！?/p>

　　紐約市成年人的吸煙率從2002年的21.5%下降到了2011年的14.8%。最新的反吸煙措施還需要得到市長(zhǎng)委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)才能成為法律——這是大型蘇打水禁令也尚未完成的程序。

評(píng)論：

　　紐約市長(zhǎng)彭博因推行一系列“突破性政策”而備受爭(zhēng)議：禁售大容量含糖飲料、收取擁堵費(fèi)、海灘和公園禁煙、禁止商店展示煙草產(chǎn)品，等等。這些措施被許多人所不理解、反對(duì)，甚至紐約市長(zhǎng)本人也被取笑“想當(dāng)保姆”、管得太細(xì)，但是這些反對(duì)的聲音都不能阻止市長(zhǎng)推出新政的決心。其實(shí)，紐約市長(zhǎng)的這一片苦心應(yīng)當(dāng)被理解，這些新政都是為了紐約市民的健康著想，雖然會(huì)觸動(dòng)某些人的利益，但大眾健康卻應(yīng)該是放在首位的。健康無(wú)小事，一個(gè)小的習(xí)慣的改變就可能會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)人的健康影響深遠(yuǎn)。紐約市長(zhǎng)負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度值得稱贊，通過(guò)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)保衛(wèi)健康，最終受益的還是公眾。

Bloomberg Tobacco Initiative Slammed by N.Y. Convenience Stores

　　New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is launching a new health offensive. Bloomberg hopes to make New York the first city in the country to ban in-store cigarette displays. Similar bans have already been implemented in Canada, Australia and parts of Europe. But New York would be the first city in the U.S. to implement a ban.

　　The Bloomberg administration says children who are frequently exposed to tobacco product displays are two-and-a-half times more likely to start smoking. Bloomberg has said, "Such displays suggest that smoking is a normal activity and they invite young people to experiment with tobacco."

　　Cigarettes would be hidden from view, though in-store cigarette ads would not. The city would also have the power to close stores repeatedly caught selling smuggled cigarettes.

　　"This is a big thing," Bloomberg said. "Make no mistake."

　　The proposals were immediately criticized by the New York Association of Convenience Stores. "The notion of forcing licensed, tax-collecting, law-abiding retailers to hide their tobacco inventory is patently absurd," the group said. "Seeing beer in a beverage center doesn't make (kids) start drinking, seeing lottery tickets in a bodega doesn't make them start gambling, seeing condoms in a pharmacy doesn't make them engage in premarital sex, but that cigarette rack apparently has telepathic powers."

　　Fred Mogul, health care and medicine reporter for the New York radio station WNYC, said, "Obviously Mayor Bloomberg has ruffled a lot of feathers. A lot of people are concerned -- is this a role that the government has to play?"

　　Mogul says the mayor has turned New York City into an incubator for novel public health initiatives. Some have been implemented, like mandating calorie counts on menus and prohibiting smoking in many public places. Others, like the recently overturned ban on large sugary drinks, have not.

　　Mogul said, "People in public health that I've talked to are concerned that this golden age for them might be coming to an end, that whatever follows Mayor Bloomberg will be very tough to replicate, to put it mildly."

　　The adult smoking rate in the city is down from 21.5 percent in 2002, to 14.8 percent in 2011. The latest anti-smoking measures will have to be passed by the city council in order to become law -- something that wasn't done with the jumbo soda ban.