煙草在線據(jù)《印度時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道編譯　　在印度，幾乎2/5的30歲以上成年人和以上年齡死亡是由無(wú)煙煙草引起的。

　　據(jù)本周二（2月14日）世界衛(wèi)生組織公布的“煙草造成死亡報(bào)告”，2004年，全球12%的30歲及以上年齡的成年人死亡是由于無(wú)煙煙草造成的，而在印度這個(gè)比例為16%，巴基斯坦的為17%，孟加拉國(guó)的為31%。

　　直接吸煙造成了500萬(wàn)人死亡。另外60萬(wàn)人死于二手煙。在接下來(lái)的20年中，每年死于煙草的人將達(dá)到800萬(wàn)人，超過(guò)80%的死亡將發(fā)生在中低收入國(guó)家。

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，在21世紀(jì)，煙草將導(dǎo)致10億多人死亡。許多人認(rèn)為無(wú)煙煙草比有煙煙草安全。然而，這不是真的。

　　聯(lián)盟衛(wèi)生部長(zhǎng)Ghulam Nabi Azad在議會(huì)上稱，去年9月，在印度70261人被檢查出因“無(wú)煙煙草產(chǎn)品”患口腔癌、舌癌和咽喉癌。

　　據(jù)印度醫(yī)學(xué)研究委員會(huì)（ICMR）的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，部長(zhǎng)稱，這些受影響的數(shù)字正在上升——2008年的為66,129，2009年的為68160。

　　印度志愿者健康協(xié)會(huì)的執(zhí)行主任Bhavna Mukhopadhyay補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“每天在印度有2500人死于因吸煙引起的疾病。在煙草產(chǎn)品上展示更嚴(yán)厲的圖片警語(yǔ)，是減少煙草消費(fèi)的最有效工具之一。嚼煙和gutka導(dǎo)致了90%的口腔癌。”

　　據(jù)全球成人煙草使用量的印度調(diào)查顯示，全國(guó)總?cè)丝诘?1%對(duì)無(wú)煙煙草上癮，另外5%的人吸卷煙還使用無(wú)煙煙草。

　　該調(diào)查稱：“在印度，2.75億名印度煙民中的大約75%消費(fèi)無(wú)煙煙草產(chǎn)品。大量的兒童和青少年沉溺于含有尼古丁而且很容易上癮的無(wú)煙煙草產(chǎn)品。煙草中有3095種化學(xué)成分，其中28種證明是致癌物質(zhì)。”

　　在無(wú)煙煙草產(chǎn)品中，khaini使用的最多，其次是gutka。大約91%的女性使用無(wú)煙煙草產(chǎn)品，如嚼煙。

　　世界衛(wèi)生組織的報(bào)告稱，煙草所造成的死亡率在男性中的比例高于女性。全球有5%的人死于傳染性疾病，而在30歲及以上年齡的成年人中，14%的人死于因煙草造成的非傳染性疾病。在傳染病中，煙草使用與大約7%的肺結(jié)核死亡有關(guān)，對(duì)大約12%的因呼吸道感染死亡有關(guān)。在非傳染性疾病中，煙草使用對(duì)10%的心血管疾病死亡有關(guān)，對(duì)22%的癌癥死亡有關(guān)，對(duì)36%的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病的死亡有關(guān)。

Smokeless tobacco claims lives of 12% of 30-plus adults

Times of India
Feb 15, 2012

　　Almost two in five deaths among adults aged 30 years and above in India are caused due to smokeless tobacco.

　　According to WHO's "Mortality attributable to tobacco report" released on Tuesday, globally 12% of all deaths among adults aged 30 years and over were due to smokeless tobacco in 2004 compared with 16% in India, Pakistan (17%) and Bangladesh (31%).

　　Direct tobacco smoking was responsible for five million deaths. Another six lakh people died from second-hand smoke. Over the next 20 years, the annual death toll from tobacco will be eight million, with more than 80% of those fatalities projected to occur in low and middle-income countries.

　　WHO says tobacco could kill over one billion people in the 21st century. Many think smokeless tobacco is safer than the smoking form. However, that's not really true.

　　Union health minister Ghulam Nabi Azad said at Parliament last September that in India 70,261 people were detected with mouth cancer, tongue and hypopharynx due to "smokeless tobacco products".

　　Quoting data from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the minister had said the numbers of those affected were rising - 66,129 in 2008 and 68,160 (2009).

　　Bhavna Mukhopadhyay, executive director of Voluntary Health Association of India, added, "2500 people die every day due to tobacco-related diseases in India. Display of harsher pictorial warnings on tobacco products is one of the most effective tools to reduce tobacco consumption. Chewing tobacco and gutka contribute to 90% of oral cancer cases."

　　According to the Global Adult Tobacco India Survey (GATS), 21% of the country's population is addicted to smokeless tobacco, and another 5% smoke as well as use smokeless tobacco.

　　It said, "Around 75% of the 275 million Indians consume smokeless tobacco products. A large number of children and youth in India are addicted to smokeless tobacco that contains nicotine and is highly addictive. There are 3,095 chemical components in tobacco, among them 28 are proven carcinogen."

　　Among smokeless tobacco products, khaini is used the most, followed by gutka. Around 91% of female tobacco users use smokeless products like betel quid.

　　The WHO report added that the proportion of mortality attributable to tobacco is higher among men than women. Globally, 5% of all deaths from communicable diseases and 14% from non-communicable diseases among adults aged 30 years and above are attributable to tobacco. Within communicable diseases, tobacco use is responsible for an estimated 7% of all deaths due to tuberculosis and 12% due to lower respiratory infections. Within non-communicable diseases, tobacco use is responsible for 10% of all deaths from cardiovascular diseases, 22% of all cancer fatalities, and 36% of all deaths from diseases of the respiratory system.